For Texans with solar panels connected to their homes, net metering is a great way to significantly reduce your electric bills.

How does net metering work?

The net metering process involves the homeowner generating their own electricity (typically from solar panels). Any excess energy they don’t use is sent back into the grid, earning them credits. Here’s a breakdown of how net metering works.

Step 1: Generate power

Suppose you install solar panels on your home. These panels generate electricity based on sunlight, powering your home appliances, lights, and devices.

Step 2: Send excess, unused power back to the grid

In some case, your solar panels may generate more power than you need. The excess electricity that you don’t use flows back to the utility grid. This is tracked by a bi-directional electric meter, which records the amount of electricity you send to the grid and the amount you pull from the grid.

Step 3: Earn credits

For the power you send back to the grid, your electricity company gives you credits on your electricity bill. These credits usually equal the rate you pay for each kilowatt-hour you consume from the grid, although rates can vary by region and utility policies.

This is where net metering differs slightly from solar buyback plans. Solar buyback programs also allow customers to sell excess electricity back to the grid, but instead of earning a credit at the retail rate, customers are often paid at a lower rate for their energy.

Step 4: Draw power from the grid when needed

When your solar panels aren’t producing enough electricity (like at night or on cloudy days), you use power from the grid. The credits you accumulated can offset the cost of this power.

Step 5: End-of-cycle billing reconciliation

At the end of the billing period, your utility calculates how much energy you used from the grid versus how much you sent back. If you sent back more than you used, you might see a reduced bill or even a carry-over credit to the next billing cycle, depending on your utility’s policies.

Pros and cons of net metering

Benefits of net metering

1. Reduced electricity bills: Thanks to net metering, customers can lower or even completely eliminate their monthly energy bills by generating their own power and sending unused electricity back to the grid.
2. Incentivizes renewable energy: By making it financially beneficial for homeowners, net metering encourages the adoption of renewable energy and investment in residential solar panel systems.
3. Energy independence: Those who generate their own energy can rely less on electricity companies, which can be especially valuable during outages or peak demand periods.
4. Environmental impact: Net metering encourages homeowners to install solar panels, which promotes cleaner energy production. Solar panels reduce carbon emissions.
5. Reduces peak demand on the grid: By sending excess energy back to the grid during the hottest, sunniest days, solar customers can help grids meet peak demand, potentially lowering costs and improving grid stability.
6. Easily implemented and tracked: With a bi-directional meter, customers can easily track the energy they use versus what they send to the grid.

Drawbacks of net metering

1. Shifting costs to non-solar customers: Transmission and distribution utilities have to cover the costs of maintaining and operating the grid. If net metering customers are paying less, then costs may unintentionally shifter those without solar panels installed.
2. Revenue loss for utilities: Net metering can reduce revenue for utility companies, which could impact their ability to invest in infrastructure and maintenance, especially as more customers adopt solar.
3. Variable policy structures: Net metering policies vary widely between states, and some have reduced or eliminated net metering benefits, creating uncertainty for customers considering solar.
4. Weaker integration with non-solar renewables: Net metering is best suited for solar or other systems with predictable patterns. Wind or other renewable sources that generate power at night might not fully benefit from daytime energy demand on the grid.
5. Dependent on policy and regulation: If policies and regulations changed to reduce the compensation rate for excess power generation, this can impact the financial return for solar customers, potentially making solar less attractive.
6. Grid and infrastructure strain: High levels of net metering in some areas could cause grid instability or infrastructure strain, as most grids were designed for a one-way power flow.

Solar buyback vs net metering

Net metering and solar buyback are similar programs, but they are not exactly the same. Both involve selling excess electricity generated by solar panels back to the grid, but they operate differently in terms of how customers are credited and compensated.

• Net metering: Credits for excess energy sent back to the grid are often valued at the same rate you pay for electricity (retail rate), meaning you “break even” on the energy you send back to the grid.
• Solar buyback: Also allows customers to sell unused energy back to the grid, but instead of earning a credit at the retail rate, customers are generally paid at a lower rate that is typically lower than what they pay to consume electricity from the grid.

The post What is Net Metering? appeared first on BKV Energy.

Yes, solar energy is considered a renewable energy source because it has an essentially unlimited fuel source and does not create harmful greenhouse gases. Solar panels harness the power of the sun, which will continue to produce an abundant and continuous supply of energy for several billion years.

What are other renewable energy sources?

A renewable energy source is a type of energy that is naturally replenished on a human timescale and can be used repeatedly without depleting its availability. These sources are often considered environmentally friendly because they produce little or no greenhouse gas emissions. Examples of renewable energy sources include:

1. Solar Energy – Energy harnessed from the sun with solar panels
2. Wind Energy – Energy generated by wind turbines from the movement of air
3. Hydropower – Energy produced by the flow of water through hydroelectric dams, tidal power, or wave power
4. Geothermal Energy – Energy derived from the heat within the Earth to spin turbines to generate power
5. Biomass Energy – Energy from burning organic materials, such as plant and animal waste, to spin turbines to generate power

Renewable energy sources are contrasted with non-renewable sources, like coal, oil, and natural gas, which take millions of years to form and are finite in supply.

What is the difference between solar and non-renewable energy sources?

The main differentiators between solar and non-renewable energy sources stem from their availability, ability to naturally replenish themselves, impact on the environment, and cost efficiency.

Here’s a breakdown of the key differences:

1. Availability and replenishment

Renewable sources of energy like solar are widely available and naturally replenish themselves on a human timescale. Non-renewable sources of energy may be widely available, but do not naturally replenish themselves on a human timescale.

For example, solar will be available as long as the sun is shining. Scientists expect the sun will continue burning for the next five billion years.

Fossil fuels like coal and oil do occur naturally, but cannot be replaced in a reasonable timeframe. Scientists estimate we are nearing the end of our ability to consume fossil fuels. According to the Millennium Alliance for Humanity and the Biosphere (MAHB) from Stanford University, oil will run out by 2052, gas will run out by 2060, and coal will run out by 2090.

2. Environmental impact

Solar is considered cleaner and more environmentally friendly because solar panels produce no harmful greenhouse gases while they operate. The burning of oil, gas, and coal however leads to the emission of harmful greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide that trap heat in the atmosphere and contribute to global warming.

3. Cost and infrastructure

Solar power, and other renewable energy sources, often have high upfront costs to manufacture and install, but low ongoing costs because the fuel source is free. We do not have to pay for sunlight.

Alternatively, non-renewable energy sources can be cheaper to establish because of existing infrastructure, but operational costs can fluctuate widely due to the market prices of fossil fuels like oil, coal, and gas.

Does solar power harm the environment?

Solar energy is considered one of the cleanest and most environmentally friendly sources of power, but there are still some impacts to the environment associated with the manufacturing of solar panels, installation of solar farms, and disposal of decommissioned materials. However, these impacts are significantly less harmful compared to traditional fossil fuels.

Here are the main environmental concerns related to solar energy:

1. Manufacturing and materials

The process of manufacturing solar panels requires energy production, which may come from fossil fuels, and involves the use of materials such as silicon, glass, and metals that require intensive mining operations to collect.

The generation of power and the mining of these materials to produce solar panels can have detrimental effect on the environment such as greenhouse gas production, air pollution, and water usage.

It is generally thought that the renewable power generated by solar panels, once they are operational, outweighs the negative impacts from the initial manufacturing and construction processes.

2. Land use

Utility-scale solar farms require a significant amount of land, and this can be disruptive to local habitats and wildlife. On the other hand, solar panels can also be integrated into urban areas on rooftops or over parking lots, reducing the need to develop natural land.

3. Water usage

The most common type of solar panels, photovoltaic panels, do not require much water during operation. This makes them much less intensive than traditional fossil fuel power plants.

However, concentrated solar power systems can require more water than photovoltaic.

4. Energy storage

Solar power systems often generate more power than can be used at any given moment and do not generate power at night. Battery storage can be used to store excess power, which can then be utilized overnight. The downside? The production of batteries relies on the mining of materials like lithium and cobalt, which can be harmful to the environment.

5. End-of-life disposal

Unfortunately, solar panels do not last forever. The typical solar panel has a lifespan of about 25-30 years and they must be decommissioned. If panels are not disposed of properly, the hazardous materials used to create them can cause damage to the environment.

However, solar panel recycling technology is improving, helping to mitigate these concerns.

The post Is Solar Energy Renewable? appeared first on BKV Energy.

There are two main categories of solar panels: photovoltaic and thermal conversion.

• Photovoltaic solar panels convert sunlight into electricity.
• Thermal conversion solar panels harness the sun’s energy to generate heat. That heat can then be used in various applications such as heating water, warming an indoor space, or generating electricity indirectly by heating water to power a steam turbine.

Types of photovoltaic solar panels

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are the most commonly used and widely recognized form of solar panels, as these are typically installed on residential buildings to produce electricity for home use. You can install PV systems on your rooftop or as a ground-mounted solar array. However, rooftop solutions are typically more efficient to maximize the amount of solar energy produced.

Within the category of PV solar panels, there are several subcategories: monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin-film solar panels.

Monocrystalline solar panels

Monocrystalline solar panels are one of the most widely used types of PV solar panels and are commonly utilized for residential and commercial installations. The silicon used in their solar cells is made from a single crystal structure with high purity. Their efficiency ranges from 15-22% or higher. Monocrystalline panels are known for performing well in low-light conditions such as cloudy days. They have a lifespan of 25 to 30 years but can last even longer with proper maintenance.

Polycrystalline solar panels

Polycrystalline solar panels are made from silicon, just like monocrystalline solar panels. They are also used in both residential and commercial applications. However, they are manufactured with multiple silicon crystal structures instead of just one. They have a slightly lower efficiency at 13-17%. While they are lower efficiency than their monocrystalline counterparts, they have a similar lifespan and durability and are generally less expensive to produce and install.

Thin-film solar panels

The solar cells of thin-film solar panels are constructed much differently in comparison to mono- and polycrystalline panels. They are made by depositing one or more layers of photovoltaic material onto a substrate such as glass, plastic, or metal. The solar cells are thinner which allows the panels to be more flexible and lightweight. Their flexible and lightweight nature makes them appropriate for other uses such as portable chargers or on the curved surfaces of cars and boats. Thin-film solar panels are slightly less efficient with efficiencies ranging from 10-15%. However, they can sometimes perform better in low-light or high-temperature conditions which can make them more versatile. They have a shorter lifespan of 10-20 years and are generally much cheaper to install.

Types of thermal conversion solar panels

Thermal conversion solar panels are less common than PV solar panels, but they still can serve as a valuable renewable source of energy. Here are the subcategories of thermal conversion solar panels:

Flat-plate collectors

Flat-plate collectors are the most common variety of non-concentrating thermal conversion solar panels. They are utilized for space and water heating. A flat metal plate absorbs solar energy which is passed through to metal tubes that transfer heat to water, or for space heating, fans are utilized to move the heat from the absorber into the building.

Concentrated solar power (CSP)

Concentrated solar power systems rely on mirrors and lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight onto a small area. The concentration heats a fluid which results in steam. The steam drives a turbine that powers a generator to produce electricity. CSP is more often used for large-scale power plants rather than on residential homes and buildings.

Evacuated tube collectors

These panels are made up of several rows of parallel glass tubes, each containing an absorber that heats up fluid circulating inside the tube. Similar to flat-plate collectors, these are used for heating water and indoor spaces, but they are more efficient than flat-plate collectors in colder climates.

Specialized solar panel variations

The above list does not include all types of solar panels out there. Several more types of specialized solar technologies harness solar power. These types of solar panels are less common.

Concentrated photovoltaics (CPV)

Concentrated photovoltaics work in a similar fashion to CSP panels (mentioned in the section above) in that they both rely on mirrors and lenses to focus a large amount of sunlight onto a smaller area. In the case of CPV panels, rather than heating a fluid to generate steam to power a turbine, the sunlight is focused on PV solar cells. These are highly efficient and can achieve efficiencies up to 40%, much higher than a standard PV system. Due to their reliance on direct sunlight to reach those high efficiencies, they are less common because they do not function as well in low-light environments such as in the evening or on a cloudy day.

Photovoltaic-thermal hybrid solar collectors (PVT)

Photovoltaic-thermal hybrid systems combine both the photovoltaic effect and thermal conversion processes into one single unit. While they generate power with the photovoltaic effect, they also capture heat. By combining these two mechanisms, these panels can achieve high levels of efficiency.

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)

Dye-sensitized solar cells or DSSCs are a sub-category of thin-film solar cells that rely on organic dye molecules to absorb sunlight. The dyes are responsible for capturing light and initiating the photovoltaic effect. These cells can be made semi-transparent and flexible, so they may be integrated into windows or other building materials. They are less efficient than silicon-based PV cells.

The future of solar energy: emerging technology

The future of solar energy is looking promising, both globally and locally. The Energy Information Administration estimates that solar energy could be the largest source of electricity by 2050. Meanwhile, here in Texas, renewables are already responsible for approximately a quarter of all in-state electricity net generation.

Perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells are a variation of thin-film that are still under development. These solar cells have shown a rapid improvement in efficiency in laboratory settings compared to their traditional thin-film counterparts.

Quantum dot solar cells

As the name implies, quantum dot solar cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles called quantum dots to create the PV effect. The particles can be tuned to absorb different specific wavelengths of light which may potentially allow them to capture more energy from a wide spectrum of light than traditional solar cells. This technology is still in the research and development phase.

Bifacial solar panels

Bifacial solar panels capture sunlight on both sides of the panel, increasing overall solar production, and are becoming increasingly adopted in commercial and utility-scale applications due to their higher yield of energy production.

Solar power storage solutions

One of the downsides of solar power? They don’t generate energy at night when the sun is not shining. What can humanity do with excess energy generated during the day that would otherwise go unused? Store the electricity in a battery. The development of more efficient, longer-lasting, and cost-effective batteries is a critical development for the continued proliferation of renewable energy across the globe. Currently, these storage solutions can be very expensive to build and install, so they are not as common as one would hope.

Floating solar farms

Another common criticism of solar farms digs into how much land large-scale installations occupy. While most solar farms are built on land considered undesirable for residential or commercial use, the concept of building a solar farm on water instead has many potential benefits. A solar farm floating on a lake or a reservoir would reduce land use and improve efficiency due to the cooling effect of the water below. At the same time, the solar farms would shade the bodies of water which can reduce evaporation. This could be particularly valuable in areas that face water scarcity.

Building integration

Integration into buildings refers to integrating solar cells directly into crucial construction materials such as windows, roofs, and facades, allowing the building itself to generate energy without the installation of separate solar arrays. This is a quickly developing and growing market.

Save on electricity plans with BKVE

While this is by no means a complete list of all types of solar panel technology, we hope that you’ve learned something new by reading this article. If you’re reading this, it’s likely that you’re also interested in renewable electricity plans powered by Texas wind and solar. At BKV Energy, our affordable electricity plans range from 29-100% renewable, plus the Bluebonnet plan includes a robust benefits program. Enter your zip code to explore rates in your area.

The post Types of Solar Panels Explained appeared first on BKV Energy.

Most people are already familiar with the basic principles of how solar energy is harnessed: it is captured from the sun’s rays. Along with other clean energy sources like wind power and hydropower, solar is a vital component of a growing base of renewable energy sources. These sources have the potential to significantly reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. 

As with any other energy source, there are some pros and cons of solar energy to consider. However, its potential is undeniable. In just one hour, the Earth receives enough sunlight to power the entire planet – encompassing everything from residential properties and individual electronic devices to large-scale industrial and commercial operations. 

Ready to get more technical about how solar energy is converted into electricity? Then read on! Alternatively, if you want to develop a solid baseline understanding before moving on to the nitty gritty of how solar works, you can read more in our intro to solar energy blog. 

How solar panels generate power

To fully understand how solar works, you’ll need to learn more about how energy from the sun can be converted into usable electricity. Let’s begin with an overview of the sun as a power source before examining the two main mechanisms used to convert sunlight into electrical current. 

How the Sun creates light

Solar power on Earth begins about 93 million miles away. Way out in space there’s a gargantuan ball made up of gas, mostly helium and hydrogen. We all call it “the Sun.”

Inside the core of the Sun, there’s a process constantly occurring called nuclear fusion. This means that atoms are slamming into each other so hard that they fuse together. In the Sun’s core, hydrogen atoms are fusing together to form helium atoms. Now imagine this process occurring hundreds of millions of times per second. Humans can’t technically visualize anything at this scale, but you just need to know that it’s an incredible amount of energy being produced at all times.

After nuclear fusion happens in the core of the Sun, the energy produced (heat, light, and radiation) travels outwards towards the surface. When the energy finally reaches the surface, or the photosphere, it’s released into space as sunlight. Sunlight is manifested in several ways including visible light, infrared radiation, and ultraviolet light.

• Visible light – This is the portion of the solar spectrum that we can see. It is an essential component in photovoltaic systems, which convert solar energy to electrical energy.
• Ultraviolet (UV) radiation – UV has higher energy than visible light. While it contributes to the total amount of energy that can be harnessed, it is less efficient in generating electricity.
• Infrared radiation – While not visible to the human eye, infrared radiation plays a significant role in thermal solar energy production, such as heating water or air.

Sunlight races away from the Sun in all directions at over 186,000 miles per second. The sunlight headed in the direction of Earth reaches us in about 8 minutes and 20 seconds.

The architecture of a solar panel

Solar panels are made up of rows of solar cells or photovoltaic cells. The cells are flat, square structures constructed of glass and silicon layers with dimensions of between 0.5 and 6 square inches.

There are other types of solar cells that have different architectures, but for the sake of this article we will focus on PV cells as they are the most common.

The surface of a solar cell

• On the surface of the cell there is a grid pattern of thin metal lines called the front contact. These lines are there to capture and collect electrons that are freed when sunlight hits the cell.
• Solar panels are mostly black because of the solar cell’s anti-reflective coating designed to absorb as much light as possible. This increases the efficiency of the solar panel and it’s cells.
• Just above the anti-reflective coating are layers of a transparent, protective material that protects the cells from environmental damage like moisture and dirt.
• Above this protective layer is highly-tempered glass which is impact resistant. This protects the solar panel from harsh weather conditions such as hail or falling objects like tree branches.

Inside the solar cell

• Underneath the upper layers lies the silicon core of the cell. Silicon is a semiconductor material that is essential for what’s called the “photovoltaic effect” — we’ll get into that a bit further into the article.
• The top layer of the core of the cell is called the N-type layer. It also contains the element phosphorus and has an excess of electrons, which gives this layer a negative charge.
• The bottom layer of the cell is called the P-type layer. This layer contains the element boron and has fewer electrons, which gives this layer a positive charge.
• In between the layers is the PN Junction, an interface which allows for the creation of an electric field between the N-type and P-type layers.

The bottom of the solar cell and solar panel

• Underneath these silicon core sits a solid metal layer called the back contact, which allows electrons to flow out of the cell and into the electrical circuit which feeds into the grid.
• The underside of the solar panel is lined and closed with a metal frame to provide structural support, protect the glass edges of the panel, and facilitate the mounting and installation of the panel.
• Outside the metal frame you can find the junction box and wiring which allow you to connect the panel to external wiring. This is where electricity generated by the panel flows into an electrical system of a home or a power grid.

How solar panels convert sunlight into electricity

Now that you understand how solar panels are constructed, let’s dive into how they generate electricity.

There are two primary ways in which solar panels generate electricity: thermal conversion and photovoltaic effect. Photovoltaic solar panels are much more common than those that utilize thermal conversion, so we’ll be focusing on PV solar panels.

Understanding the photovoltaic effect

1. Sunlight strikes the solar cells of the solar panel. Some of the rays of light or photons pass through the outer layers of the cell and into the silicon core.
2. When the photons enter the core, they excite and free the electrons. Thanks to the imbalance or electric field generated by the PN Junction, electrons freed in the top N-layer are caught by the front contact.
3. At the same time, the freed electrons are leaving behind “holes” where they used to reside within the atoms. These “holes” are driven by PN junction field towards the P-layer.
4. As the free electrons are caught by the front contact and the holes are caught by the back contact, this completes the circuit and generates an electric current.
5. The current flows out of the cell as electrical energy (electricity!) and through the junction box and wiring on the back of the panel.

Thermal conversion

Thermal conversion utilizes solar energy for heating. Thermal systems concentrate solar radiation using mirrors or glass casing and lenses to absorb sunlight and heat water or glycol (an organic compound belonging to the same family as alcohol). The liquid, now heated to high temperatures, produces steam to drive a turbine and generate electricity.

Save on electricity plans with BKVE

If you’ve found this explanation of solar energy and how it works helpful, then you’re probably already interested in exploring renewable electricity plans. 

At BKVE, our primary goal is to help Texans save money by offering low-impact energy solutions that include a mix of renewables. Our homeowner electricity plans have transparent terms, and there are no extra fees or marketing gimmicks, guaranteed! Enter your zip code today to learn more and find the right plan for your household.

The post How Do Solar Panels Generate Electricity? appeared first on BKV Energy.

Solar power in Texas: how much is there?

How much solar power is generated in Texas?

The Energy Information Association reported in April 2024 that Texas’ solar capacity has reached about 16 GW.

In the past decade, Texas has experienced a significant surge in solar energy adoption. The state has witnessed the construction of numerous larger solar farms, resulting in an increased capacity for solar power generation. A 2021 report highlighted that the cumulative solar energy production in Texas reached an impressive 15 million megawatt hours (MWh). Notably, the year-on-year growth has been remarkable as well. Between 2020 and 2021, solar power generation in Texas surged by an astounding 75%, surpassing 6 million MWh.

According to the Environment Texas Research & Policy Center, from 2021 to 2022, solar energy production in Texas experienced a remarkable surge, growing by an impressive 47%. This significant increase in solar energy output has had a tangible impact, generating enough electricity to power approximately 2.3 million average homes. 

This remarkable growth not only highlights the state’s commitment to renewable energy but also cements its position as a national leader in solar energy production. Currently, Texas proudly stands as the second-highest producer of solar energy in the United States, showcasing its pivotal role in the country’s shift toward sustainable energy solutions.

Which U.S. state has the most solar power?

California currently leads the United States in solar power generation. However, Texas, with its vast potential and ongoing projects, is rapidly advancing and could soon challenge California’s dominance in this field.

Where does Texas rank in solar power?

Texas ranks second in the nation for solar power production in 2021-2022 after California. At the same time, Texas is the country’s leader in renewable energy. This impressive position reflects the state’s commitment to renewable energy and its effective use of natural resources.

What percentage of the Texas grid is solar?

On a regular day, solar power typically constitutes about 5% of the grid’s total energy output, indicating its steady growth in the energy sector. However, during intense heat waves, when the demand for electricity spikes and solar conditions are optimal, the share of solar power can significantly increase. In such scenarios, solar energy’s contribution to the Texas grid can rise to as much as 20%, highlighting its potential to meet higher energy demands, especially during critical times of need.

The contribution of solar energy to the Texas power grid varies, reflecting its evolving role in the state’s energy landscape. As a result, the answer to “what percent of texas electricity comes from solar?” isn’t static.

It’s worth pointing out that at night, solar’s contributions drop to 0% because the sun is not shining. And on days without much sun, the panels have decreased energy output as well.

How many solar farms are in Texas?

The exact number of solar farms in Texas is not clearly defined, as the state is continuously expanding its solar energy initiatives. However, as of late June 2023, here are the three largest solar farms in Texas:

• Samson Solar Energy Center: Developed by Chicago-based Invenergy, this is set to be the largest PV solar plant in the United States upon completion. The Samson Solar Energy Center, with a capacity of 1310MW, is located in Franklin, Lamar, and Red River Counties. This $1.6 billion project is being constructed in five phases and is expected to be fully operational in 2023.

• Roadrunner Photovoltaic Plant: This is currently the largest operational solar power plant in Texas, with a capacity of 497MW. Developed and owned by Rome-based Enel Green Power North America, the Roadrunner plant is located in Upton County. It was constructed in two phases, with the first phase (252MW) becoming operational in December 2019 and the second phase (245MW) starting operations in September 2020.

• Permian Energy Center: Developed by Danish company Ørsted, this is the second-largest operational solar park in Texas. With 1.3 million solar panels covering over 3,600 acres, the Permian Energy Center produces 460MW of energy. It’s located in the Permian Basin and can provide electricity for around 92,000 households.

What is the largest solar farm in Texas?

Currently, Roadrunner Photovoltaic Plant holds the title of largest solar farm in Texas. Soon, though, it will be overtaken in size by Samson Solar Energy Center. 

How does solar power generation in Texas compare to other states?

In 2022, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, Texas was the second-largest producer of solar power in the United States, just behind California. 

However, a more recent report from ERCOT in October 2023 indicates that Texas has now overtaken California in terms of solar generation. As of September 30, the Electric Reliability Council of Texas, which operates the grid for 90% of Texas, reported having 18,364 megawatts of solar power capacity. In comparison, the California Independent System Operator, managing the grid for 80% of California and a portion of Nevada, had a solar power capacity of 17,277 megawatts.

A brief history of solar power in Texas

Early developments

The story of solar power in Texas started with small yet significant steps. Initially, the focus was on individual solar panel installations and research projects aimed at understanding the potential of solar energy in the state’s sunny climate. These early efforts were crucial in setting the foundation for a larger movement towards renewable energy in Texas, highlighting the state’s potential to harness the power of the sun.

Key milestones

Texas has achieved several significant milestones in its journey towards solar energy prominence. These include large-scale investments in solar technology, the establishment of numerous solar farms, and the implementation of supportive legislative policies for renewable energy. Each milestone represents a significant advancement in Texas’s commitment to sustainable energy sources, paving the way for a cleaner, more renewable energy future.

Future possibilities

The future of solar power in Texas is filled with potential. With ongoing advancements in solar technology and increasing societal support for sustainable practices, Texas is poised to significantly expand its solar energy capabilities. The state’s vast open spaces and abundant sunshine provide ideal conditions for large-scale solar projects, which could play a crucial role in meeting both the state’s and the nation’s energy needs in the coming years.

Affordable energy plans from BKVE

Interested in electricity plans powered by solar? BKV Energy offers 100% renewable energy plans fueled by solar and wind at an affordable kWh rate. Enter your zip code to explore plans in your area.

The post How Much Solar Power Is Generated in Texas? appeared first on BKV Energy.

Advantages of solar power

1. Renewable and abundant source of energy

As long as the sun exists (barring a very unexpected supernova explosion or the untimely arrival of an alien species from another galaxy with technology to absorb our sun’s gases), solar energy is a 100% renewable and inexhaustible resource to fuel the generation of electricity. Luckily, the sun is not yet old enough to go through a supernova and the arrival of alien species seems rather unlikely.

2. Environmentally friendly

The use of solar power to generate electricity produces minimal environmental pollution compared to fossil fuels. This helps reduce the production of greenhouse gases and combat climate change.

3. Low operating costs

After solar panels are installed, the cost to operate and maintain them is very low. There are fewer expenses related to their operation and maintenance compared to fossil fuel generation plants.

4. The solar industry creates many jobs

There are over 250,000 workers employed in the solar power industry in the United States. As the market for solar continues to grow, so will job creation.

5. Reduced impact to the local environment

In comparison to traditional power plants, solar farm installations have a lower impact to their surroundings. The land can serve multiple purposes – some solar farms are also used for agriculture.

6. Relatively quick installation

Compared to other types of power plants, such as nuclear or fossil fuel plants, solar farms can be implemented rather quickly. The construction is not as involved and there are fewer regulations and hoops to jump through.

7. Can be installed on otherwise unusable land

Solar farms can be installed on land that would otherwise go unused, such as in the desert or on top of landfills.

8. Scalability

Solar panels can be built and installed in a wide variety of sizes and implementations, from small-scale roof-top installations to massive utility-scale farms.

9. Consistent technological advancements

The science behind solar panels is ever-improving. As energy efficiency improves, solar panels and farms become more and more cost-effective.

10. Energy independence

For homeowners, solar panels increase energy independence from the grid, even when there are power outages. On a larger scale, solar farms increase independence for state and federal governments from fossil fuel imports.

Disadvantages of solar energy

1. Intermittency, variability, and weather dependence

Solar power generation is dependent on sunlight, which is intermittent and variable. Cloudy days, nighttime, and seasonal changes can affect energy production, requiring backup or storage solutions. Extreme weather conditions, such as hailstorms, can damage solar panels, affecting their performance and lifespan.

During a snowstorm, extra maintenance may be required to keep the panels clean. If they are covered in snow, they cannot generate power.

2. High initial costs

The upfront costs of purchasing and installing solar panels and associated equipment can be relatively high. While prices have been decreasing, the initial investment can remain a significant barrier.

3. Energy storage challenges

To address the intermittent nature of solar power, energy storage solutions like batteries are often needed. Current energy storage technologies have limitations in terms of capacity, efficiency, and cost.

4. Land use concerns

Large-scale solar installations may require significant land area, potentially leading to concerns about land use, habitat disruption, and conflicts with agricultural activities. Although as mentioned above, some solar farms have found a solution to this issue by using the land for agriculture at the same time.

5. Resource-intensive manufacturing

The production of solar panels involves the use of rare materials and can be energy-intensive, raising environmental concerns. Improvements in manufacturing processes are needed to mitigate these impacts.

6. Aesthetic impact

Some people find solar panels unattractive, especially on residential properties. This can lead to aesthetic concerns and, in some cases, regulatory challenges.

7. Geographic limitations on installation

Solar energy production is more effective in regions with high sunlight exposure, limiting its effectiveness as a power generation solution in some geographic locations where sunlight is scarce or inconsistent.

8. Limited energy conversion efficiency

Solar panels have a conversion efficiency that varies, and it may not be as high as some other forms of energy generation. Advances in technology are needed to improve efficiency.

9. Difficult to dispose of

While efforts are made to minimize environmental impact, proper disposal and recycling practices are crucial. The manufacturing and disposal of solar panels can involve the use of toxic materials.

10. Grid integration challenges

Integrating solar power into existing electricity grids can pose challenges due to its intermittent nature. Upgrading and modifying grids to handle distributed generation can be costly.

11. Limited lifetime of solar panels

While solar panels have a relatively long lifespan, they do degrade over time, and their efficiency decreases. Proper disposal and recycling practices are essential to manage end-of-life environmental impacts.

At the same time, solar panel technology is improving rapidly. That means by the time you complete an installation, there’s already a newer more efficient model out there.

The post Pros and Cons of Solar Energy appeared first on BKV Energy.

Solar energy or solar power is energy that is derived from the sun’s rays. Solar panels harness and convert the heat and light energy of the sun into usable electrical energy, which can then be transmitted to power homes and businesses. This is a green and sustainable source of energy because sunlight is always coming to the Earth. Every day, the sun emits an immense amount of energy in the form of photons. These photons have the potential to produce heat or induce electrical currents when they interact with matter.

How do solar panels generate electricity?

Solar panels, often referred to as photovoltaic (PV) panels, are devices designed to capture sunlight and convert it into electricity. These panels consist of a collection of solar cells, which are typically made from semiconductor materials like silicon. Each solar cell is composed of two slices of semi-conducting material, forming a metaphorical sandwich. When the sunlight interacts with these cells, it stimulates a dynamic flow of electrons, generating an electric current.

This current can then be used to power electrical devices or stored for later use. Solar panels come in various sizes and types, ranging from small portable panels used for camping or remote applications to large arrays that can power entire homes or even feed electricity back into the grid.

Solar panels work by allowing photons, or particles of light, to knock electrons free from atoms, generating a flow of electricity. This process is known as the photovoltaic effect. When sunlight strikes the solar cells within a panel, it excites the electrons within them. This excitement of electrons creates an electric current. Through a series of processes, this electricity is then channeled and can be used to power everything from household appliances to large industrial machinery.

Is solar energy renewable?

Yes. The sun has been shining for billions of years and is expected to continue doing so for billions more. Its vast energy output remains consistent, making it a reliable and sustainable source of power. Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and deplete over time, solar energy will remain accessible as long as the sun continues to shine.

Pros of solar energy

Let’s explore the pros and cons of solar power.

Renewable and sustainable

Solar energy is derived from a renewable source—the sun. As long as the sun continues to shine, we can harness its energy, making solar power a sustainable solution for our ever-increasing energy needs. By incorporating solar energy into our energy mix, we can combat climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and actively contribute to a cleaner and healthier environment for ourselves and future generations.

Reduced air pollutants

One of the benefits of solar energy production is its clean operation. Unlike fossil fuel-based power generation, solar energy production releases no harmful air pollutants like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, or particulate matter. As a result, air quality is cleaner, and health problems associated with air pollution are decreased. 

Cost savings

While the initial investment for solar installations might be substantial, the long-term savings on electricity bills can be significant. Over time, many homeowners find that their solar panels pay for themselves.

Energy independence

By installing solar panels, homeowners and businesses can produce their own electricity. Doing so reduces dependence on utility companies and can even lead to energy self-sufficiency.

Job creation

The growing solar industry has created numerous jobs, from manufacturing and research to installation and maintenance. As of 2022, there are over 260,000 people working in the solar energy industry in the United States.

Water conservation

Unlike traditional power plants that consume vast amounts of water for cooling purposes, solar power plants require minimal water usage. This decrease helps promote sustainable water practices that reduce the strain on freshwater ecosystems.

Cons of solar energy

By addressing these concerns and continuing to invest in research and innovation, we can further enhance the overall sustainability of solar energy and ensure its long-term benefits for our environment.

Intermittency

Solar energy production is dependent on sunlight, which isn’t constant. Nighttime and cloudy days can reduce energy production, necessitating the need for energy storage solutions or back up power sources.

Land use

While rooftop solar installations have minimal land impact, large solar farms can require significant amounts of land, potentially displacing natural habitats.

Initial costs

The initial investment required for solar installations can be a barrier for many, though costs have decreased and various incentives are available.

Manufacturing impact

The production of solar panels requires energy, often sourced from non-renewable resources, leading to emissions. However, it is worth noting that advancements are being made in manufacturing processes to reduce the environmental impact. The industry is also exploring alternative materials and cleaner energy sources for solar panel production.

Waste management

As solar panels end their lifespan, disposing or recycling them becomes challenging. Currently, efforts are underway to develop effective recycling methods for solar panels, ensuring that valuable materials can be recovered and reused. The goal is to minimize waste and create a more sustainable lifecycle for solar energy systems.

Solar energy in the United States

In 2022, the United State generated 146 billion kWh of electricity from solar energy sources. This makes up about 3% of electricity generated in the U.S.

The adoption of solar energy in the U.S. has been growing rapidly. Government incentives, decreasing installation costs, and a heightened awareness of environmental issues have all contributed to this growth. The U.S. continues to invest in research to improve solar technology efficiency and accessibility, positioning itself as a leader in the global shift toward renewable energy.

Solar power in Texas

According to ERCOT, Texas has the capacity to produce a maximum of over 22,000 MW of electricity through solar panel farms in the state.

Global impact of solar energy

Solar energy’s ascent as a leading renewable source has ushered in transformative changes on a global scale. Environmentally, it has been instrumental in curtailing greenhouse gas emissions, aiding the fight against climate change. Additionally, by reducing the world’s reliance on fossil fuels, solar energy has led to cleaner air and the conservation of natural habitats that would otherwise be compromised by fossil fuel extraction. 

Economically, the solar sector has been a job creation powerhouse, generating millions of positions worldwide. It has also played a pivotal role in diversifying energy sources, reducing dependence on imported fuels, and thus enhancing energy security. As solar technology becomes more advanced and affordable, both consumers and businesses are reaping the financial benefits. 

On the technological front, the growing demand for solar solutions has driven significant advancements in photovoltaic cells and storage systems. Furthermore, solar energy’s adaptability allows even off-grid, remote regions to produce their own electricity, marking a shift towards more decentralized energy systems. This renewable source also seamlessly integrates with other emerging technologies, such as electric vehicles and smart grids. 

Socially and politically, solar energy has been transformative. It has brought electricity and its associated benefits to remote areas, elevating the quality of life. The rapid growth of the solar industry has also influenced governments worldwide to implement policies that favor renewable energy adoption. This shift, coupled with the industry’s growth, has heightened public awareness about the importance of transitioning to sustainable energy sources. 

The influence of solar energy is profound, touching multiple facets of society and positioning it as a cornerstone in the journey toward a more sustainable future.

Solar energy plans in Texas

Interested in powering your home with renewable electricity? All BKV Energy plans start at 29% renewable and you can choose 100% renewable energy as well. Enter your zip code to find plans near you.

The post What Is Solar Energy? appeared first on BKV Energy.